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Pang Wins 2014 Wiley Award

Each year, the announcement of AOACs Harvey W. Wiley Award provides an opportunity not only to honor a groundbreaking scientist but to reflect on how the field of analytical chemistryand the overall world of food and environmental safety regulationhas changed during the lifespan of one of the people who helped change it. Never has this been more evident than for this years recipient, Guo-Fang Pang, who has won this years highest scientific honor from AOAC.

The son of peasant farmers growing up in rural China in the 1940s and 50s, Pang didnt even see a light bulb until he became his villages first student to graduate to middle school (the Chinese equivalent of U.S. high school). More than 50 years later, hes spearheading a testing program that has helped get Chinese honey, chicken, brown rice, and tea approved by world markets, has led three AOAC collaborative studies, and established three AOAC Official Methods. Recently, he developed GC-Q-TOF/MS and LC-Q-TOF/MS methods for the simultaneous detection of as many as 1138 pesticide residues and other contaminants in single samples of fruits and vegetables.

It wasnt an easy journey. Pangs remarkable career began in hard work, a mothers life lessonsand, he admits, he was once one of the students with the worst grade in the class.

The latter came when he was 11, having just completed the first 4 years of elementary school, which in China is divided between levels known as Elementary Junior and Elementary Senior. To graduate into the senior level, he says, a test was required, with grades posted from highest to lowestthe lowest marked in red. My classmates called it [being] red-listed,’” he says.

And who, that year, discovered that he was red-listed? I felt my face burning hot, and my heart beating pit-a-pat, Pang says. I was sweating all over. For the first time in my life, I realized what shame was. But somehow, he was permitted to advance despite the low score. I was the lucky guy, he says.

Advancement brought him under the tutelage of a man named Feng-Xing Gao, who captured the 11-year-olds imagination with a teaching style focused on problem-solving. I became a totally different person, Pang says.

Meanwhile, village life centered around farming, and the harvest entailed a 3-week break from classes when students of all ages helped in the fields. While the adults harvested grain, Pangs task was to gather leftover stalks for use as fuel for cooking and for warming bricks for a heatable brick bed that protected from the winter chill.

Initially, it was just a chore, but by the end, Pang was getting up earlier and earlier so he could maximize his contribution to the home. By the time the holiday ends, that crucial year that mixed a new teacher with a developing academic ethic, hed gathered so many stalks there were more than needed. [We] had a very good winter,  his parents say.

Another lesson he got from his mother was to retain his old lesson books, rather than discard them like a bear breaking off corncobs. That way, he says, you can mark your progress by comparing old work to new work.

An ancient Chinese saying goes, To have oneself as a mirror, one will learn the merits or weaknesses of ones own self,’” he says. In so doing, one could improve his/her studies.

In 1957, Pang was admitted to a middle school and thus became the first middle school student in his village. The school was located in a small town 20 km from home. There, he again revealed his stubbornness when, during a cold winter, one of his duties was the periodic updating of a chalk-written wall newspaper. The task was lengthy enough that his hands became so cold he couldnt hold the chalk and had to trade off with a classmate. Twice he got frostbitten fingers, but like a good journalist, he never failed to meet his deadline.

Meanwhile, by the time he was about to graduate from the middle school in 1961, one of his school essays was picked as best of the year among all the 9 graduating classes ( about 500 students) and he even had a poem published in a local journal.   I was nicknamed little writer,’” he says. I dreamed that one day I would become a news reporter.

But science grabbed him about the time of he graduated high school in 1963, when his decade-older brother (whod achieved renown working for a chemical plant) urged him to reconsider. At the time, Pang had never seen a chemical plant or had much opportunity to do chemical experiments, but took the advice. I wrote Department of Chemistry on my application for college, he says.

Back in 1963, getting into college was by no means an easy task. In Pangs 4 classes of 200, only 16 made it. However, an admission letter was hand-delivered to his houseby an administrator and a physical education teacher who bicycled 20 km to present it. My entire family burst with joy, Pang says. He was the second college student ever produced by his village in history.

College was Hebei University in Tianjin, the third largest city in China. Getting there itself would be an adventure: starting with a 4-km walk, followed by a 2-hour bus ride, and Pangs first 6-hour train ride to a world full of adventures that would be his academic home for much of his life.

The adventure began with a visit to a synthetic textile plant where the budding chemist watched chinlon fiber (a type of Chinese synthetic) being spun out of a nozzle. I only knew clothes made from cotton grown in our fields, Pang says. Mother used to spin it and weave it into cloth. Such wonderful chemical fabricsI felt it like magic. It was his first introduction to the field hed chosen to make his own.

In 1964, he had an opportunity to tour the local import-export inspection bureau, guided by an analytical chemistry professor whose export certifications, he was told, were relied on by foreign customers. I stood in awe, he says, and felt that the chemistry we were studying was sacred and useful.

After which it took Pang 19 years to fulfill the calling he felt at the import-export bureau. In the interim, he spent 2 years in the countryside in the late years of the Cultural Revolution, and then was recalled to the university to teach organic chemistry and help develop brake linings for cars and trains. He also taught himself (written) English and began translating Physical Chemistry (English version) into Chinese.

At the same time, teaching is learning began to become his mantra, as he started assigning innovative research tasks to his graduating students. There were a number of these projects, but the one that changed his life had to do with food hygiene.

In 1980, having investigated for many times, hed come to realize that some Chinese products were facing export difficulties due to other countries import rules. For instance, Chinese hairy crabs were rejected by foreign customers because of arsenics, he says.

So, he put his students on the crab project, suggesting that they attempt a microcoulomb titration technique of his own development, rather than the then-prevalent atomic absorption and UV spectrometry methods. The result was a breakthrough that also highlighted Pangs own understanding of how teachers and students can best interact.

Teachers, he notes, cant predict the results of their students work. Sometimes a project would workand sometimes not. If it failed to go smoothly, students would often ask a battery of questions, and teachers needed to have profound background materials and should open up new thoughts, especially off the beaten track, he says. Being open to these questions, rather than becoming defensive of the original plan, he says, can lead to deeper insights from another perspective, instead of being bogged down and blindfolded by the questions.

In 1982, Pangs study and work in college drew to an end after 20 years, and he was dispatched  to the Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, where, since 1985 (after a brief stint working with metal ores), hes been inspecting agricultural products and foodstuffs for nearly 30 years, with a particular eye to veterinary drugs and pesticide residues. Leading accomplishments with AOAC concerns have been:

Development of an AOAC method for determination multiresidue pesticides of synthetic pyrethroids in agricultural products

Development of an AOAC method for monitoring clopidol (a veterinary drug) in chicken.

Development of methods for more than 300 potential pesticide residues in Chinese honey, including a stable carbon isotope method to prove that Chinese honey actually comes from Chinese flowers.

Development of Chinas first high-throughput method for the simultaneous determination of more than 1000 pesticide residues in agricultural?products.

Organization of an AOAC collaborative study for high-throughput analysis of over 653 pesticide residues in teas,in which 30 international laboratories from 11 countries and regions were represented.

In addition,pang has had eight technical works on food safety published by domestic and international press,and a total of over 100 papers published. In keeping with the AOAC model, he also credits success to teamwork and collaboration. A single brain is not enough and should be enlarged, he says.A single persons hands and arms are not long enough and should be lengthened. A team should be establishedboth a domestic one and an international one.

Pang got married with a lady doctor majoring in medicine in 1970, who is not only Pangs wife but also his private health physician.  They continue a quiet life. I am 70 years old this year, but still working at the front line, and my wife is still my strongest supporter he says.

Pang will deliver the Wiley Award Address at the 128th AOAC Annual Meeting and Exposition in September 2014, in Boca Raton, Florida, USA.

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